Grimm’s Law

Grimm’s Law is a study of correspondences between certain consonants in the Germanic language and those found in Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit. A Danish scholar Rask discovered that these changes were regular and according to certain laws of change. This was more formulated by a German scholar Jacob Grimm. Grimm’s Law collects the basic principles of the first sound-shift. The changes are concerned with sound changes.

b, d, g are voiced explosive consonant sounds. p, t, k are voiceless explosive consonant sounds. Ph, th, kh are aspirated consonant sounds. The changes of consonant sound take place as follows :

ph, th, kh —————-> b, d, g
b, d, g ——————> p, t, k
p, t, k —————-> ph, th, kh

Ø ph, th, kh changes to b, d, g :
Greek Latin English
phero fero bear
thura foris door
khortus hortus garden
Ø b, d, g changes to p, t, k :
Greek Latin English
baklon baculum peg (stick)
deca decem ten
genos genus kin
Ø p, t, k changes to ph, th, kh
Greek Latin English
pater pater father
treis tres three

kuon canis hound (dog)

However, there are certain exceptions to Grimm’s Law. The Danish Scholar Karl Verner discovered that the operation of the law of sound-shifting depended on the position of the law which explained the puzzling linguistic phenomenon.

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